Understanding the Three “De” Particles in Mandarin Chinese: ?, ?, and ?

In Mandarin Chinese, the particles ? (de), ? (de), and ? (de) play crucial roles in constructing sentences, but their usage can be confusing even for native speakers. This article aims to clarify their differences, provide examples of common mistakes, and offer tips to help learners remember their correct usage. The Three “De” Particles 1. […]

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